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Photography



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Photographers control the camera and lens to the light recording material (such as film) to the required amount of light to form a "latent image" (on film) or "raw file" (in digital cameras) which, after appropriate processing, is converted to a usable image.

Digital cameras use an electronic image sensor based on light-sensitive electronics such as device (CCD) or complementary -semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The resulting digital image is stored electronically, but can be reproduced on paper or film.

The discovery of the 'camera obscura' that provides an image of a scene is very old, dating back to ancient .

Renaissance painters used the camera obscura which, in fact, gives the optical rendering in color that dominates Western Art. The camera obscura literally means "dark chamber" in Latin. It is a box with a hole in it which allows light to go through and create an image onto the piece of paper.

In contrast to a still camera, which captures a single snapshot at a time, the movie camera takes a of images, each called a "frame".

The frames are later played back in a movie projector at a specific speed, called the " " (number of frames per second).

is the position of a viewed object or the adjustment of an optical device necessary to produce a clear image.

Aperture is the adjustment of the lens opening, measured as , which controls the amount of light passing through the lens. Aperture also has an effect on depth of field and diffraction – the higher the f-number, the smaller the opening, the less light, the greater the depth of field, and the more the diffraction blur. The focal length divided by the f-number gives the effective aperture diameter.

is the adjustment of the speed (often expressed either as fractions of seconds or as an angle, with mechanical shutters) of the shutter to control the amount of time during which the imaging medium is exposed.

are employed on modern digital cameras as an indication of the system's gain from light to numerical output and to control the automatic exposure system.

All photography was originally , or black-and-white.

, the first commercially successful color process, was introduced by the Lumière brothers in 1907.

imaging uses an electronic image sensor to record the image as a set of electronic data rather than as chemical changes on film.

Digital cameras have become widespread consumer products, outselling film cameras, and including new features such as video and audio recording.

Modern photography has raised a number of on its impact on society.

Photography is both restricted as well as by the law in many jurisdictions. Protection of photographs is typically achieved through the granting of or moral rights to the photographer.

In the UK a recent law (Counter-Terrorism Act 2008) increases the power of the police to prevent people, even press photographers, from taking pictures in .