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CONSTITUTION OF INDIA - Article 12-13

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PART III
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
General

Definition
Article 12.

In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, “the State’’ includes the Government and of India and the Government and the of each of the States and all local or other within the territory of India or under the of the Government of India.

Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights.
Article 13.

(1) All laws in force in the territory of India immediately before the of this Constitution, in so far as they are inconsistent with the provisions of this Part, shall, to the extent of such , be void.

(2) The State shall not make any law which or abridges the rights conferred by this Part and any law made in of this clause shall, to the extent of the contravention, be void.

(3)
In this article, unless the context otherwise requires,—
(a) “law” includes any , order, bye-law, rule, regulation, notification, custom or usage having in the territory of India the force of law;
(b) “laws in force” includes laws passed or made by a Legislature or other in the territory of India before the commencement of this Constitution and not previously , notwithstanding that any such law or any part thereof may not be then in operation either at all or in particular areas.

[( 4 ) Nothing in this article shall apply to any of this Constitution made under article 368.]


Right to Equality
Equality before law:
Article 14.

The State shall not to any person equality before the law or the equal of the laws within the territory of India.