ANDHRA PRADESH September 17, 1948:   The first Nizam ruled on behalf of the Mughal emperors. After the death of Aurangzeb, the Nizams split from the Mughals to form an independent kingdom. When the British achieved paramountcy over India, the Nizams were allowed to continue to rule their princely states as client kings. The Nizams retained internal power over Hyderabad State until this day when they surrendered before he Indian army. This marked the successful end of the Operation Polo.