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INDIAN INDEPENDENCE STRUGGLE |
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Date-wise Events |
- August 01, 1931: On this day, the Indian
national flag (tricolour) was adopted by
the Congress Working Committee. The different components of
the flag were represented as under: Saffron: for courage and sacrifice, White: for
peace and truth, Green: for faith and
strength and the Charkha: for welfare of
the masses.
- September 20, 1932:
Consequent upon Ramsay MacDonald's Communal Award
to the depressed classes was to be incorporated into the
constitution in the governance of British India. Gandhi
strongly opposed it on the grounds that it would
disintegrate Hindu society. He began an indefinite hunger
strike at Yerwada Central Jail from September 20, 1932 to
protest against this Award.
- September 24, 1932: As Gandhi's
health worsened, Dr.Ambedkar was under tremendous pressure
to save the life of Mahatma Gandhi. Ambedkar feared that
should Gandhi die due the fast there would be a severe
reprisal against the depressed classes by the upper caste
Hindus of India. A compromise, the Poona Pact,
was made between the leaders of caste Hindus and Dr.
Ambedkar was reached on September 24, 1932. Link to see the
text of the Poona Pact:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poona_Pact .
- July 14, 1942: The Congress Working
Committee meeting at Wardha passed a resolution demanding
complete independence from the British government. The draft
proposed massive civil disobedience if the British did not
accede to the demands.
- August 08, 1942: (Quit
India Movement): the All-India Congress
Committee proclaimed a mass protest demanding what Gandhi
called "an orderly British withdrawal" from
India . Mahatma Gandhi gave a Do or Die call
on this day at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Mumbai on year
1942. About 60,000 people were arrested and imprisoned by
the British authorities within hours of the Quit
India call. Since then this day is cwlwbrated as
AUGUST KRANTI DAY.
- September 02, 1946:
Interim Government of India was formed on this
day from the newly elected Constituent Assembly of India,
had the task of assisting the transition of India and
Pakistan from British rule to independence.
- July 04, 1947: The "Indian
Independence Bill" was presented before the British House of
Commons on this day, suggesting inter alia the bifurcation
of British India into two sovereign countries – India and
Pakistan.
- July 22, 1947: On this day, the Ad hoc
Committee of the Indian Constituent Assembly on Indian Flag,
adopted the tricolour (Tiranga
in Hindi language) as the National Flag of
India.
- August 14, 1947: Pakistan gained
independence.
- August 15, 1947: India declared
independent nation. Indian
TRICOLOUR was hoisted for the first time on the
flag mast of the Indian Parliament House in New Delhi on
this day.
- August 16, 1947: Indian TRICOLOUR was
hoisted at the ramparts of the Red Fort in Delhi for the
first time in the morning of this day.
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August 17, 1947: The Radcliffe Line was
published on this day as a boundary demarcation line between
India and Pakistan upon the Partition of India. Today its
western side still serves as the Indo-Pakistani border and
the eastern side serves as the India-Bangladesh border.
- October 1947: The French controlled
lodges in Machilipatnam, Kozhikode and Surat were ceded to
India.
- May 02, 1950: Governance of French
controlled Chandernagore was ceded to India on this day, and
was merged with West Bengal state on
2 October 1955.
- November 01, 1954: The four French
controlled enclaves of Pondicherry, Yanam, Mahe, and Karikal
were de facto transfered to the Indian Union and became the
Union Territory of Pondicherry.
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Description |
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India attained freedom
following an independence movement, a largely
nonviolent resistance
and civil disobedience led by the Indian National Congress.
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Unfortunately, the
Independence was accompanied by the partition of India,
on communal
lines.
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The partition was
accompanied by violent riots and mass casualties estimated at around
as high as one million.
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The flagship event in
Independence Day celebrations takes place in Delhi, where the
Prime
Minister of India hoists the national flag at the Red Fort and
delivers a speech
from its ramparts.
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The holiday is observed
throughout India with flag-hoisting ceremonies, parades and cultural
events.
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Indians celebrate the day
by displaying the national flag on their attire, accessories, homes
and vehicles; by listening to patriotic songs, watching patriotic
movies; and bonding with family and friends.
The whole Indian Independence Struggle involved inter
alia the following:
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Formation of Pakistan |
- The primary goals Muslim Organizations
in undivided India were to protest against the
re-integration of Bengal in 1905 and to carve out a separate
Muslim state out of India.
- Finally in 1947 they succeeded to destroy
and demolish the concept of united India and
its division on religious grounds.
- However, such division has been proved unproductive
particularly for muslims of Pakistan, which is
no more than a failed state and no less that a rogue state,
spreading terror all around, besides being unfortunate for
the whole South Asian region.
- The demand for a separate muslim state was thus a lack
of farsightedness and in any way not in the interest of the
muslims of South Asia.
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