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INDIAN INDEPENDENCE
STRUGGLE - GOVT OF INDIA ACT, 1935 |
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Date-wise Events |
- December 05, 1919:
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT, 1919 was passed by the House of
Commons - Also known as Montague Chelmsford Reforms, was
passed by the House of Commons. It was passed to expand
participation of Indians in the government of India. The Act
embodied the reforms recommended in the report of the
Secretary of State for India, Edwin Montagu, and the
Viceroy, Frederic Thesiger.
- December 23, 1919: The Act
received royal assent on this day. On the same day the
King-Emperor issued a proclamation which reviewed the course
of parliamentary legislation for India and the intent of the
act.
- August 04, 1935: The
outcome of the
Simon Commission was the Government of India Act 1935,
passed on this day, which established representative government at the
provincial level in India and is the basis of many parts of
the Indian Constitution. In 1937 the first elections were
held in the Provinces, resulting in Congress Governments
being returned in almost all Provinces.
- July 24, 1935: The
Government of India Act, 1935 received the Royal assent on
this day.
- April 01, 1937: The Govt of
India Act, 1935 became effective and commenced on this day.
- November 19, 1998: The Govt
of India, 1935 was repealed on this day.
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Description |
Government
of India Act, 1935:
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The most significant aspects of the Act were:
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(i) the grant of a large measure of autonomy to
the provinces of British India
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(ii) provision for the establishment of a
"Federation of India", to be made up of both British
India and some or all of the "princely states"
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(iii) the introduction of direct elections,
thus increasing the franchise from seven million to
thirty-five million people
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(iv) Sindh was separated from Bombay
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(v) Bihar and Orissa was split into separate
provinces of Bihar and Orissa
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(vi) Burma was completely separated from India
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(vii) Aden was also detached from India, and
established as a separate Crown colony
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(viii) membership of the provincial assemblies
was altered so as to include more elected Indian
representatives, who were now able to form
majorities and be appointed to form governments
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(ix) the establishment of a Federal Court.
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However, the provincial Governors retained
important reserve powers, and the British authorities
also retained a right to suspend responsible government.
Major part of the Act came into force in 1937, when the
first elections under the Act were also held.
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