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INDIAN INDEPENDENCE STRUGGLE |
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Date-wise Events |
- November 01, 1954: The four French
controlled enclaves of Pondicherry, Yanam, Mahe, and Karikal
were de facto transfered to the Indian Union and became the
Union Territory of Pondicherry.
- January 16, 1761: The
British captured Pondicherry from the French.
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Description |
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India attained freedom
following an independence movement, a largely
nonviolent resistance
and civil disobedience led by the Indian National Congress.
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Unfortunately, the
Independence was accompanied by the partition of India,
on communal
lines.
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The partition was
accompanied by violent riots and mass casualties estimated at around
as high as one million.
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The flagship event in
Independence Day celebrations takes place in Delhi, where the
Prime
Minister of India hoists the national flag at the Red Fort and
delivers a speech
from its ramparts.
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The holiday is observed
throughout India with flag-hoisting ceremonies, parades and cultural
events.
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Indians celebrate the day
by displaying the national flag on their attire, accessories, homes
and vehicles; by listening to patriotic songs, watching patriotic
movies; and bonding with family and friends.
Government
of India Act, 1935:
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The most significant aspects of the Act were:
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(i) the grant of a large measure of autonomy to
the provinces of British India
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(ii) provision for the establishment of a
"Federation of India", to be made up of both British
India and some or all of the "princely states"
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(iii) the introduction of direct elections,
thus increasing the franchise from seven million to
thirty-five million people
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(iv) Sindh was separated from Bombay
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(v) Bihar and Orissa was split into separate
provinces of Bihar and Orissa
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(vi) Burma was completely separated from India
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(vii) Aden was also detached from India, and
established as a separate Crown colony
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(viii) membership of the provincial assemblies
was altered so as to include more elected Indian
representatives, who were now able to form
majorities and be appointed to form governments
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(ix) the establishment of a Federal Court.
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However, the provincial Governors retained
important reserve powers, and the British authorities
also retained a right to suspend responsible government.
Major part of the Act came into force in 1937, when the
first elections under the Act were also held.
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