Right:         Wrong:   

Malaria Disease



Click the box to see the possible answers.

Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease of humans and other animals caused by protists (a type of microorganism).

Disease can be reduced by preventing mosquito bites by distribution of mosquito nets and insect repellents, or with mosquito-control measures such as spraying insecticides and draining standing water.

The (WHO) has estimated that in 2010, there were 216 million documented cases of malaria.

The signs and symptoms of malaria typically begin 8–25 days following .

The classic symptom of malaria is cyclical occurrence of sudden followed by rigor and then fever and sweating lasting about two hours or more.

The definitive hosts for malaria parasites are female mosquitoes of the Anopheles genus, which act as transmission vectors to humans and other vertebrates, the secondary hosts. Only mosquitoes feed on blood; male mosquitoes feed on plant nectar, and thus do not transmit the disease.

Malaria parasites can also be transmitted by blood , although this is rare.

Hepatitis, which is characterized by inflammation of the , is not actually present in what is called malarial hepatitis; the term as used here invokes the reduced liver function associated with severe malaria.

Malaria is typically diagnosed by the microscopic examination of using blood films or using antigen-based rapid diagnostic tests.

Methods used to prevent malaria include , mosquito eradication and the prevention of bites. The presence of malaria in an area requires a combination of high human population density, high mosquito population density and high rates of transmission from humans to mosquitoes and from mosquitoes to humans. If any of these is lowered s

Man spraying oil to protect against mosquitoes carrying malaria have been successful in some areas.

Malaria was eliminated from most parts of the USA in the early 20th century by such methods, and the use of the pesticide and other means eliminated it from the remaining pockets in the South by 1951.

Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is the practice of spraying on the interior walls of homes in malaria-affected areas. After feeding, many mosquito species rest on a nearby surface while digesting the bloodmeal, so if the walls of dwellings have been coated with insecticides, the resting mosquitoes will be killed before they can bite another victim and transfer the malaria parasite.

One problem with all forms of IRS is insecticide via evolution.

Mosquito create a protective barrier against malaria-carrying mosquitoes that bite at night.

Community participation and health strategies promoting awareness of malaria and the importance of control measures have been successfully used to reduce the incidence of malaria in some areas of the developing world.

The treatment of malaria depends on the of the disease; whether people can take oral drugs or must be admitted depends on the assessment and the experience of the clinician.

Severe malaria requires the administration of antimalarial drugs.

Severe malaria can progress extremely rapidly and cause within hours or days.

Malaria is presently endemic in a broad band around the , in areas of the Americas, many parts of Asia, and much of Africa; however, it is in sub-Saharan Africa where 85–90% of malaria fatalities occur.